Main Index Page

Last updated 18/3/2024

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This page is being used to collext information about the history of the traditional Japanese design known as the Tsuru / Orizuru / Crane / Paper Crane. Please contact me if you know any of this information is incorrect or if you have any other important information that should be added. Thank you.

There is a separate page about the history of Connected Cranes and another about the history of Strings of Cranes.

There is also a page about Sadako Sasaki.

In 18th and 19th Century Japan, and quite possibly in ear;liker times, the Paper Crane was seen as an inflatable design, air being blown in through the hole in the bottom of the body to inflate it.

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In China (and in publications by Chinese authors)

1914

Diagrams for the Paper Crane appear in 'Zhe zhi tu shuo' (Illustrated Paperfolding), compiled by Gui Shaolie, which was published by the Commercial Press in Shanghai in Ming guo 3 (1914).

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In Japan (and in publications by Japanese authors)

1591/3

According to a report in the Asahi Shimbun on March 14th 2017, the oldest known representations of the Orizuru have been found on a kosuka, a decorative panel intended to be attached to the hilt or sheath of a sword. The article states that this kosuka can be reliably dated to between 1537 and 1603 but this has since been narrowed down to 1591/3. (Information from Masatsugu Tsutsumi)

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c1700

This design for a kosode featuring Paper Cranes was published in 1700 in the pattern book 'Tokiwa Hiinagata' by Koheiji Terada and Shotaro Morida. Source: 'Origami koten ni miru origami' Origami in the Classics) by Satoshi Takagi, which was published by the the Yasuhiro Sano, publishing office, Nippon Origami Association, in 1993.

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1704

Another design for a kosode featuring Paper Cranes appears in 'Tanzen Hiniigata' which was published in 1704. Source: 'Origami koten ni miru origami' Origami in the Classics) by Satoshi Takagi, which was published by the the Yasuhiro Sano, publishing office, Nippon Origami Association, in 1993.

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1716

This design featuring Paper Cranes comes from the pattern book (Chinshoku) Hinagata Miyako fuzoku (Rare and Popular Kimono Patterns of the Capital) by Nishikawa Sukenobu, which was published in 1716.

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1717

These images from the picture book 'Keisei Ori Tsuru', by an unknown author, both show Paper Cranes. In the top picture a child studying in a terakoya (a school for the children of commoners) is writing a poem on the wing of one Paper Crane (see detail) while in the centre a woman throws a Paper Crane off a bridge. In the lower picture a woman rides on a Paper Crane. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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c1720

In this shunga print by Nishikawa Sukenobu, sometimes titled 'Silently', the woman to the left is wearing a garment decorated with Paper Cranes.

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1723

In this print, which comes from 'Onna Fuhzoku Tama kagami' by Nishikawa Sukenobu, and which was published in 1723, the girl at the bottom left is holding a Paper Crane and blowing into it to inflate the body. This is much easier to see in the detail below.

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1731

These three images are details from prints in Nishikawa Sukenobu's illustrated book 'Ehon tokiwagusa', published in 1931. All show women /children wearing garments decorated with Paper Cranes.

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1734

Paper Cranes are also among the designs illustrated in a woodcut from a Japanese book called 'Ranma Zushiki' published in 1734.

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1735

This print by Nishikawa Sukenobu is sourced from 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999. The girl at the back is holding a Paper Crane.

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1742

This image is a detail from a print in Nishikawa Sukenobu's illustrated book 'Jokyo bunsho kagami', volume 1, which was published in 1742. It also shows a woman wearing a garment decorated with Paper Cranes.

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1748

The print below is from the first volume of the illustrated book 'Ehon masu kagami' by Nishikawa Sukenobu, which was published in 1748. The subject of the print is the Hina Doll Festival and the ladies on the left are folding paper. One of them is holding up a Paper Crane. There are a number of other similar prints which also show Paper Cranes, but which I have not yet managed to verify or date. Details of these can be found on the page about Paperfolding in Prints by Nishikawa Sukenobu.

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This image showing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes is a detail from another print in the same book.

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1770

This print by Ippitsusai Buncho, which shows a samurai wearing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes, is from Volume 2 of the picture book 'Ehon butai ogi' which was published in 1770.

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This print by Suzuki Harunobu (1724 -1770), which shows a woman folding a crane with two previously completed ones on the floor, is from Volume 1 of the picture book 'Ehon seiro bijin awase' which was published in 1770.

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This print, from Volume 3 of the same work, shows a woman wearing a Paper Crane patterned outer robe.

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1765 - 1770

These four prints by Suzuki Harunobu (1725-1770) show kimonos decorated with paper cranes. (Information from Juan Gimeno) The full-colour technique used to make these prints was first used in 1765 and these prints must therefore date to between then and his death in 1770.

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Note, however, that according to Origami in Ukiyo-e prints this print is 'Parody of the Story of the Chrysanthemum' by Mitate Kiku Jido, 1765.

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1772/3

This print entitled 'Orizuru o tsukuru shojo' (Children folding a paper crane) by Koryusai Isoda (active 1764 -1788) is in the collection of the Library of Congress in Washington, USA. According to https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008660852/ it can be dated to 1772/3.

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1776

This print is Volume 1 of 'Seiro bijin awase sugata kagami' by Katsukawa Shunsho (1726 -1792) and Kitao Shigemasa (1739-1820) which was published in 1776. The woman on the left is wearing a Paper Crane patterned outer robe.

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1775/1785

According to the British Museum (https://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00034787001) 'This rare six-fold screen can be firmly attributed to Utagawa Toyoharu (1735-1814) and is one of the most important surviving Ukiyo-e paintings of its period. A group of high-ranking courtesans are seated on the red carpet in the centre, surrounded by their apprentices ... arranged in pairs with matching kimonos around the walls. The women are in the harimise, the latticed display room of a brothel in the Yoshiwara pleasure quarter, where they would sit waiting for clients. It appears to be the quiet middle period of the day, and the courtesans are amusing themselves in various ways - smoking, playing the shamisen, dressing a doll. One of the teenage apprentices has dozed off. Among the lacquered accessories depicted in the front, to the right of the smoking set, is a small box decorated with the emblem of a flying crane. According to Keisei Kei, a printed guide to courtesans published ... in 1788, this was a crest used by Komurasaki, a high-ranking courtesan in the house run by Tamaya Sansabura´. The name of the house appears, albeit playfully half-hidden, on the entrance curtain towards the centre back. The painting can be dated on the basis of its style and the fashions portrayed to the late 1770s or early 1780s.' It is just possible to see that the figure to the top left of the third panel in from the right is folding a paper crane.

Another, later, more colourful, version of this screen, is attributed to Katsukawa Sun'ei (1762-1819) and held at the Musee Guimet in Paris. The two central panels of this work and the detail showing the folding of the Paper Crane are shown below.

According to Michele C Cone in an article on Artnet entitled 'Prelude to Desire (www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/cone/cone1-28-05.asp): 'In a six panel screen entiled Courtesans Exposed to Public Viewing, Katsukawa Sun'ei marvelously illustrates those aspects of geisha life. One feels the quiet and expectant atmosphere that reigns inside the green tea house, the geishas' place of work. The wall of windows from which the clients will inspect the young women and make their choice is at the moment bare and black, in contrast to the crowded interior and its seated inhabitants rivaling in grace and beauty. The colors of the kimonos, each featuring a different printed pattern, pick up the black of the windows, the red of the floor and the ochre of the walls. By a subtle individualization of gestures and facial traits, the artist suggests something of the loneliness, isolation and fight against boredom that must have reigned during those moments of idle wait.'

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1793

A lady holding a Paper Crane (and another holding a Paper Boat) appears in the central panel of this triptych by Chôbunsai Eishi (1756–1829) titled 'Women in a Phoenix Boat at New Year' which can be dated to c1793. Information from Jaume Coll Guerrero.

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1797

The Senbazuru Orikata, a book of paperfolding designs for connected cranes, was published in Kyoto in 1797. Senbazuru means 1000 cranes. Orikata is an older word that means the same as origami. The number 1000 in the title is used symbolically, since in Japan, cranes are associated with good fortune and long life. Despite the title, if you folded all the designs in the book you would only have folded about 250 cranes in all. The designs are created by cutting slits in large squares to divide them into several, or many, small, but not completely separate, smaller squares and then folding each of these into a paper crane. The cranes remain connected by beak, legs, or wingtip when the design is complete.

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1780s

This print by Torii Kiyonaga shows the interior of the Courtesans' House Choshiya in Shin-Yoshiwara and can be dated to the 1780s. (Information from 'Ukiyo-e the art of the Japanese Print' by Frederick Harris, published 2010.) At the bottom left of the picture a man tends a brazier. To the right of the brazier is part of a tray of Paper Cranes. I have no idea why a tray of Paper cranes would be found in a Courtesans' House.

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1803

This print by Utagawa Toyokuni I (1769-1825), which shows a samurai wearing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes, is from the picture book 'Yakusha konotegashiwa' which was published in 1803.

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1804

In this print by Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806) from Volume 1 of the picture book 'Seiro ehon nenju gyoji', which was published in 1804, the boy in the bottom left corner is wearing an outer robe patterned with Paper Cranes.

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In this print from Volume 2 of the same book the woman at the left is also wearing an outer robe patterned with Paper Cranes

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A second print in the same volume shows the kneeling woman in the centre, who is serving drinks, wearing a similar outer robe.

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1806

This print by Utagawa Toyokuni I, which is said to date from 1806 (the 12th month),from the series Ukiyo shichifukujin (Seven Gods of Good Fortune of the Floating World), shows a man (a god?) holding a Paper Crane by the tail.

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1808

This print showing a woman wearing an outer robe patterned with Paper Cranes is from Volume 1 of the picture book 'Edo shokunin uta-awase' which was published in 1808. Artist unknown.

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1809

This print by Eisai Hokutai from Volume 1 of 'Tokaeri hana' shows a lady wearing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes.

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1813

In this print by Jippensha Ikku (1766-1831), which is from Volume 2 of the picture book 'Edo meisho ehon', published in 1813, two of the men are wearing robes patterned with Paper Cranes.

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1815

This print by Katsushika Hokusai, which can be dated to 1815, shows a woman preparing to inflate a Paper Crane. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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1810-1820

Print by Katsushika Hokusai showing a woman wearing a kimono decorated with Paper Cranes.

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1821 - 1825

This print by Utagawa Toyoshige (1769 - 1825) showing a woman holding a Paper Crane can be dated to 1821/25.

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1827

This print featuring Paper Cranes is by Katsushika Taito II (active 1810-1853) from Volume 3 of 'Banshoku zuko', w ich was published in 1827.

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1804-1829

A print by Eishin Kikugawa (1787 - 1867) showing children playing various games includes two children, a boy and a girl, folding paper. The items they have already folded are a Paper Crane, an unidentifiable box, a Paper Boat and what looks like a more complex version of the Kabuto or Samurai Helmet.

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1832

This print from 1832 by Kunisada Utagawa, based on an earlier one by Katsushika Hokusai, shows a woman holding a crane. The crane is pictured upside down suggesting it is about to be inflated. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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This print by Yanagawa Shigenobu (1787-1832) from Vol 1 of 'Kyoka momochidori', which shows a lady wearing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes, can be no later than 1832 when the artist died.

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1840

This print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi, which is said to date from 1840, shows a mother inflating a crane while her child sits beside her holding another. A paper boat lies nearby on the floor. The small pieces of paper lying near the scissors are anachronistic since neither design requires cuts.

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1841

This Japanese print from 1841 shows three women, or perhaps children at play. The figure at bottom right is folding paper. A completed Paper Crane and what appear to be a Sanbo on Legs and a Crab lie on the floor. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999. According to this catalogue the wording mentions that 'the central angle can be divided into 3 or 5 equal parts'.

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c1843

This print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi, which can be dated to c1843, shows Masaoka protecting Tsugichiyo-maru from the apparition of an old warrior monk. Masaoka's kimono is decorated with Paper Cranes of several different colours.

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1844

This print, by Kunisada Utagawa, from 1844, which is similar to one from 1832 (see above), hows a woman holding a crane. The crane is pictured upside down suggesting it is about to be inflated. The paper on the floor has been decorated to suggest it is Chiyogami. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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1847

Paper Cranes also appear in this print known as 'Spring' from the children's four seasons series by Gorakutei Sadahiro, which can be dated to between 1830 and 1847. Paper Boats and Star-Shaped Boxes are also shown. The child at the front is playing battledore. There is a shide hanging from the branch above them. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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1849

This print by Seki Bunsen from the picture book 'Gashiki shisho shohen', which was published in 1849, shows a woman holding the wings of a Paper Crane which she has just finished folding.

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1850

This Shunga print by Utagawa Hiroshige from Vol 1 of 'Edo nishiki Azuma bunko', which was published in 1850, shows a woman wearing a kimono patterned with Paper Cranes.

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This vase, said to date from the first half of the 19th Century, is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum, New York.

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1851

This detail of a print by Onishi Chinnen (1792 - 1851) shows the goddess Otafuko folding Paper Cranes. It can be no later than 1851 when the artist died.

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1856

This print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi from the picture book 'Kuniyoshi zatsuga shu', which was published in 1856, shows a magician inflating a Paper Crane.

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1857

This print by Utagawa Toyokuni, which can be dated to 1857, shows a woman preparing to inflate a Paper Crane while a Sanbo sits on the floor in front of her. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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1865

This undated print by Kunisada Utagawa shows Hanakawa Kotsuru, who was born without arms, and became famous for her ability to do extraordinary things, including paperfolding, with her feet. The picture shows her holding a Paper Crane with a version of the Sanbo on Legs on the ground beside her. The print can be no later than 1865 when Kunisada Utagawa died.

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1869

The central lady in this triptych by Utagawa Kuniaki, which can be dated to 1869, is preparing to inflate a paper Crane, while a completed Sanbo, a Blow-up Frog and another design which I cannot identify lie on the floor in front of her. Source: 'Oru Kokoro', the catalogue of an exhibition on paperfolding history held in Tatsuno City History and Culture Museum in 1999.

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1878

A drawing of the Paper Crane appears in 'Yochien Ombutsu No Zu', a publication of kindergarten material issued by the Tokyo Women's Normal School in 1878.

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1885

A drawing of an Orizuru, together with a crease pattern, appeared in 'Kindergarten Shoho' (Preliminary Kindergarten) by Iijima Hanjuro, which was copyrighted on October 4th Meiji 17 (1884) and published by Fukuda Senzo in August of Meiji 18 (1885).

The same book also contains an illustration of a Flying Crane which appears to have both feet and a tail, although it is possible that these have been developed by cuts from a standard Paper Crane.

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1891

This print from by Ogata Gekko from 1891, titled 'Orimono', from the series 'Fujin Fuoku Zukushi' (The Manners and Customs of Ladies) shows a woman folding a tsutsumi (formal wrapper for flowers). Two Paper Cranes appear above the cartouche.

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Three prints from the picture book 'Urashima Jiro Horai-banashi' by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi, which was published in 1891, include Paper Cranes.

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1892

The Paper Crane also appears in 'Kani Shukogaku' (Simple Handicraft) by Tamotsu Shibue, which was published in Tokyo in 1892.

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This print by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi from Vol 3 of 'Gibun kihan', which was published in 1892, shows a girl folding Paper Cranes which then fly away.

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Another page of the same book contains a cartouche which also shows a Paper Crane.

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1893

Diagrams for this unusual variant of the Paper Crane appear in 1893 in volume 3 issue 19 of 'Yonen Zasshi' children's magazine.

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c1896/7

This print by Miyagawa Shuntei from the series 'Kodomo Fuzoku' (Children's Customs and Manners) shows children folding a Paper Crane and a Kabuto.

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1898

Two Paper Cranes appear in this print by Ogata Gekko. I am indebted to David Humphries of http://www.ogatagekko.net/ for telling me that 'this print is part of a small format album titled Nihon Jo Reikshiki (loosely Etiquette for young Women). The album itself was published by Matsuki Heikichi in 1898.'

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1901

This print showing a Paper Crane suspended from a stick is by Takeuchi Seiho from Vol 2 of 'Seiho shugajo' which was published in 1901.

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1903

Diagrams for the Paper Crane appear in 'Jinjo Kouto Shogaku Shuko Seisakuzu' (Handicrafts for ordinary higher elementary schools) by Hideyoshi Okayama, which was published by Rokushiro Uehara in Tokyo in 1903.

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1904

Diagrams also appear in 'Shukouka Kyoju Shishin: Maiji Haitou' by Hyojiro Nakagaki, which was published by Kenseikai in Tokyo in 1904.

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1905

Diagrams also appear in 'Shukouka Kyohon : Liron Jishuu Souga Setsumei' by Kikujiro Kiuchi, Rokushiro Uehara and Hideyoshi Okayama, which was published by Shigebei Takase in Chiba in 1905.

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1905

Diagrams also appear in 'Shukoka Kyoju Saian' by Gentaro Tanahashi and Hideyoshi Okayama, which was published by Hobunkan in Tokyo in 1905.

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c1906

This print by Kogyo Terazaki (1866 –1919), known as 'Young Girls Making Paper Cranes', can be dated to around 1906.

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1907

Diagrams appear in 'Shukou Tebikigusa : Kokumin Kyoiku Origami Yuihimo' by Ishin Nishigaki, which was published by Meguro Shoten in Nagaoka in 1907.

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1908

Diagrams also appear in 'Origami zusetsu' (Illustrated Origami) by Sano Shozo, which was published in Tokyo in 1908.

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1912

Three drawings of Paper Cranes, with the folds arranged in different ways, appear in a monozukushi-e print, by an unknown artist, but said to be from the Meiji era. I have temporarily assigned it the date of 1912, the last year of that era, pending the discovery of more accurate information.

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1927

A drawing of what is probably supposed to be a Paper Crane appears in an illustration by Takei Takeo in a 1927 issue of the children's magazine 'Kodomo No Kuni' (The Land of Children).

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Diagrams for the design also appear:

1931

In 'Origami (Part 1)' by Isao Honda, which was published in 1931.

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1935

'Origami Moyo, Book One', by Kawarazaki Kodo, which was published by Unsodo in Japan in 1935, contained a print showing Paper Cranes.

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1957

In 'Origami: Book One' by Florence Sakade, which was published by the Charles E Tuttle Company in Rutland, Vermont and Tokyo in 1957. The text includes instructions as to how it is to be inflated and some interesting contemporary information about the socia and religious context of the design:

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1959

In 'How to Make Origami' by Isao Honda, which was published by Toto Shuppan Co. Ltd in Japan. by McDowell Obolensky of New York in the USA and by Museum Press Ltd of London in England, in 1959.

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In 'Pocket Guide to Origami: Bow-Wow Book', by Isao Honda, which was published by the Asahi Origami Club, Tokyo in 1959. The instructions explain that the design is intended to be inflated.

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1965

In 'The World of Origami' by Isao Honda, which was published in the USA by Japan Publications Trading Company in 1965.

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'Origami in the Classroom: Book 1: Activities for autumn through Christmas' by Chiyo Araki, which was published by Charles E Tuttle Co Inc in 1965, features the Paper Crane on the cover of the book, although the design is not explained or mentioned inside.

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In Western Europe and the Americas

1868/9

In 1868 (or possibly 1869) a small number of enthusiasts for things Japanese formed a drinking club in Paris called the 'Societe de Jing-lar'. Each member was issued with a membership card, three of which have survived. These membership cards are illustrated with drawings of Paper Cranes. (Information from Juan Gimeno).

Although there was at this time a fashion for all things Japanese, and many ukiyo-e prints were in circulation in artistic circles, I do not know precisely where the image of an orizuru could have been obtained at such an early date, nor do I understand the significance of including such images on these membership cards.

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1882

'Okoma : roman japonais illustré', illustrated by Felix Regamey (d'après le texte de Takizava-Bakïn ; et les dessins de Chiguenoï) was published in Paris in 1883 (although the date of printing is given on the last page as 30th November 1882). It contains an illustration showing two strings of suspended Paper Cranes, referred to in the text as 'grues de papier'.

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1888

In the September 1888 issue of the magazine 'Artistic Japan', edited by Siegfried Bing, a German-born French art dealer, which was published simultaneously in French (as 'Le Japon Artistique'), English and German (as 'Japanischer formenschatz'), is a page of drawings (https://archive.org/details/artisticjapanill01bing/page/46) which are explained as 'Ideas for kanemonos (clasps to tobacco-pouches) and for sword furniture, by Katsukaya Issai'. One of these shows an orizuru, or paper crane, positioned above a square of paper and a pair of Japanese scissors. (Information from Juan Gimeno.)

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1891

The header illustration for a chapter titled 'Les Arts Graphiques. Le Papier' in 'Le Japon Pratique' by Felix Regamey, which was published in Paris in 1891 by J Hetzel and Cie, shows a Paper Crane with a rabbit and a goldfish. In the index of illustrations this is referred to as 'Cocotte en papier; lapin; poussin.'

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1892

'Revues des Traditions Populaires: Tome VII - 7eme Annee', which was published in August 1892, contains a chapter headed 'A L'Exposition des Arts de la Femme' which in turn contains several pages about the art of paper folding and cutting. Page 466 illustrates a string of Paper Cranes of diminishing sizes. The text says 'Often a series (of cranes) are strung together to form a sort of garland, the last bird of which is almost microscopic (coll. Kawamoura and Felix Regamey).' Strangely, the image was originally published upside down.

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1902

Diagrams for a version of the Paper Crane titled 'Grue Japonaises' appear in an artoicle by Alber-Graves in the 18th October 1902 issue of the French children's magazine 'Mon Journal' (along with the Flapping Bird).

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1904

Livraison 4 of 'Le Japon en images' by Felix Regamey, published .... contains the same image of suspended Paper Cranes as appeared in his 1892 book 'Revues des Traditions Populaires: Tome VII - 7eme Annee' (see above), titled 'Brochette de cocottes' (Skewer of cocottes) under the heading 'Ouvrages de Dames, en papier'. Information from Michel Grand.

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1908

The same design appears, just as 'La grue' in 'Les Petits Secrets Amusants' by Alber-Graves, which was published by Librairie Hachette in Paris in 1908. This time the diagrams are accompanied by the information, 'If you take the bird from below and gently pull the tip of the tail with little jerks you will see the animal come to life and flap its wings.'

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1910

A version of the article from the 18th October 1902 issue of 'Mon Journal' (see above) appeared in 'La Poupee Modele' of May 1910.

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1932

The more familiar version of the Paper Crane appears as 'La Cigogne' (The Stork) in Booklet 5 of 'Images a Plier', a series of 6 booklets published by Librairie Larousse in Paris in 1932.

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1937

The Paper Crane also appears, again as The Stork', in 'Paper Toy Making' by Margaret Campbell, which was first published by Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd in London, probably in 1937, although both the Foreword and Preface are dated 1936, which argues that the book was complete at that date. Two versions of the design are given, a 'flying stork' with the legs trailing behind and the wings in an upright position, so that the body is not inflated, and a 'walking stork' with two legs, separated using a cut, feet and with the wings folded outwards.

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1939

The Crane also appears in two guises, as 'La cigüeña volando y en reposo (The stork flying and at rest), in 'El Mundo de Papel' by Dr Nemesio Montero, which was published by G Miranda in Edicions Infancia in Valladolid in 1939.

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This advert for Japanese 'Kirin' beer was probably used in the American market in the late 1930s (c1939)..

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The Crane also appears:

1956

As 'The Stork or Chinese Sitting Bird' in 'Paper Magic' by Robert Harbin, which was published by Oldbourne in London in 1956. The text notes, 'This model can be formed sitting, standing or flying, as you please.'

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1959

In 'Fun-time Paper Folding' by Elinor Tripato Massoglio, which was published by Childrens Press in Chicago in 1959. The final drawing of the diagrams shows the design arranged with the legs pointing downwards. The more normal position is shown on the cover.

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1963

As 'Stork' in the second edition of 'Het Grote Vouwboek' by Aart van Breda, which was published by Uitgeverij van Breda in 1963. In this version of the design the body is three-dimensionalised by pulling the wings apart rather than by blowing it up'

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1968

In 'Your Book of Paperfolding' by Vanessa and Eric de Maré, which was published by Faber and Faber in London in 1968, where it is inflated in the Japanese manner.

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1969

As 'The Sitting Crane' in 'Modern Origami' by James Minoru Sakoda, which was published by Simon and Schuster in New York in 1969.

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